What type of diabetes occurs when specialized cells in the pancreas stop producing insulin?

Type 1 diabetes occurs when the specialized cells in the pancreas, called beta cells, are unable to produce insulin due to an autoimmune reaction that destroys these cells. This type of diabetes usually develops in childhood or adolescence, but it can occur in adults as well. Without insulin, the body cannot regulate blood glucose levels effectively, leading to high blood sugar.

In contrast, Type 2 diabetes involves insulin resistance where the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is related to hormonal changes that affect insulin usage. Pre-diabetes is a state where blood sugar levels are higher than normal but not high enough to qualify as diabetes. Thus, the defining characteristic of Type 1 diabetes is the complete lack of insulin production due to pancreatic cell dysfunction.